As gardeners in Michigan, we have a unique opportunity to support our local ecosystems by planting native species. Native plants are not only adapted to our climate but also play a crucial role in supporting local wildlife, particularly pollinators like bees and butterflies. Here are some top native plants to attract bees and butterflies to your Michigan garden.
1. Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca)
Essential to the monarch butterfly's life cycle, this hardy native is more than just beautiful. Monarchs lay their eggs exclusively on milkweed, and the caterpillars rely on its leaves for food. In summer, globe-shaped clusters of pinkish-purple flowers draw in a variety of native bees. Tough and adaptable, Common Milkweed thrives in a wide range of soil types and growing conditions—making it an ideal addition to any pollinator garden.
2. Wild Bergamot (Monarda fistulosa)
Wild Bergamot, commonly known as Bee Balm, is a native perennial prized by pollinators. It produces showy clusters of tubular, lavender to pale pink flowers that bloom mid to late summer—perfectly shaped for bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. A favorite among long-tongued pollinators, it's especially valuable for bumble bees and hummingbirds seeking nectar. It thrives in full sun but tolerates light shade and prefers dry to medium, well-drained soil.
3. Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea)
4. Black-Eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta)
Black-Eyed Susan is a cheerful, easy-to-grow native wildflower known for its bold, sunny blooms. Its bright yellow petals surround a raised dark brown central cone, creating high visual contrast that’s irresistible to pollinators. It thrives in full sun and Blooms mid-summer to fall and attracts native bees, butterflies, and beneficial insects.
5. Blazing Star (Liatris spicata)
Blazing Star features tall spikes of fluffy purple flowers that bloom from top to bottom. These striking plants are particularly attractive to butterflies and bees and can add vertical interest to your garden. They thrive in well-drained soils and full sun, making them a perfect addition to prairie-style plantings.
6. Asters (Symphyotrichum spp.)
Asters are late-blooming perennials that provide essential nectar and pollen sources for pollinators as the season winds down. Their daisy-like flowers come in various colors, including purple, blue, pink, and white. New England Aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae) and Smooth Aster (Symphyotrichum laeve) are popular choices for their vibrant blooms and hardiness.
7. Goldenrod (Solidago spp.)
Goldenrod's bright yellow flowers bloom in late summer and fall, providing a crucial nectar source for bees and butterflies preparing for winter. Species like Canada Goldenrod (Solidago canadensis) and Showy Goldenrod (Solidago speciosa) are native to Michigan and thrive in a variety of conditions.
8. Wild Lupine (Lupinus perennis)
Wild Lupine is an early bloomer with tall spikes of blue, purple, or pink flowers. They are especially attractive to bees, including bumblebees, which can often be seen buzzing around the blooms. Lupines prefer sandy, well-drained soils and are essential for the Karner blue butterfly, whose larvae feed on lupine leaves.
9. Joe-Pye Weed (Eutrochium purpureum)
Joe-Pye Weed is a tall, late-blooming perennial that produces large clusters of pinkish-purple flowers. It thrives in moist soils and full sun to partial shade. This plant is a butterfly magnet, particularly for larger species like the swallowtail. Its impressive height makes it a great choice for the back of borders or as a focal point in your garden.
10. Wild Columbine (Aquilegia canadensis)
Wild Columbine features unique, red and yellow flowers that attract hummingbirds, bees, and butterflies. This shade-tolerant plant prefers well-drained soils and can add a pop of color to woodland gardens or shaded borders.
Tips for Creating a Pollinator-Friendly Garden
- Provide a Variety of Plants: Aim for a diverse selection of plants that bloom at different times throughout the growing season to ensure a continuous food supply.
- Avoid Pesticides: Pesticides can be harmful to pollinators. Opt for organic gardening methods and integrated pest management practices.
- Include Host Plants: Some butterflies need specific plants to lay their eggs on. Including these in your garden can support the entire lifecycle of these insects.
- Provide Water Sources: A shallow dish with water and pebbles can give bees and butterflies a safe place to drink.
- Create Shelter: Dense plantings, shrubs, and dead wood can offer shelter for pollinators from predators and harsh weather.
By planting native species, you are not only beautifying your garden but also playing a vital role in supporting our local ecosystems. With these top native plants, your garden can become a haven for bees, butterflies, and other essential pollinators.
Happy gardening!